epidemiological determinants of ebola outbreak 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 (published online Sep 21) Distribution of household disinfection kits during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia: the MSF experience. The ongoing Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is the largest ever recorded and shows little evidence of attenuation. Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Africa recognized on March 10, 2014 in Guéckédou, Guinea [1]. Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Christl A Donnelly, Azra C Ghani, Gabriel M Leung, Anthony J Hedley, Christophe Fraser, Steven Riley, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Lai-Ming Ho, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Patsy Chau, King-Pan Chan, Tai-Hing Lam, Lai-Yin Tse, Thomas Tsang, The West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in 2014–2016 was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) a public health emergency of international concern. Ebola virus disease (commonly known as "Ebola") was first described in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and what is now South Sudan. This study aims to determine how exposure to information sources, knowledge and behaviours potentially influenced risk perceptions during the 2014–2015 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Sierra Leone. Many of these symptoms are also present with other more common diseases, such as malaria and typhoid fever. Bruce Birren. In July 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) started in Pujehun district, Sierra Leone. Epidemiological update: outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, 23 October 2014. 4 Approximately one thousand kilometers away, and almost simultaneously, another outbreak of similar characteristics occurred in the small village of Yambuku, in the north of the former … Potential events that students may wish to research include: Topic: Ebola Outbreak 2014 2. 72, room 465 Ada Gonzalez-Torres (European University Institute)Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of a rapidly spreading epidemic on civil violence in the context of the largest Ebola outbreak in history, in Western Africa. 6 In comparison, healthcare workers accounted for 25% of all infections during the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit. In summary, in late December 2014, during the first year of the Ebola epidemic, weekly cases in Conakry and the 4 surrounding prefectures surpassed reported cases from all other Guinea prefectures. In the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, healthcare workers represented only 3.9% of all confirmed and probable cases of EVD in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea combined. In developed countries, death occurs in 1 to 2 cases out of every 1,000 (0.1% - 0.2%). Lancet 392 (10143), 213-21, 2018. Weekly Epidemiological Report - 2007. The response From March 2014 onwards, the MOH, in collaboration with civil society organizations and international partners, such as the World Health Organization, the Center for Disease Control, and Medecins Sans Frontiers, faced the epidemic with the available financial resources. data on Ebola cases, novel surveys, and publicly available data on the government’s relief effort and post-outbreak Senatorial election, I study the response of the Liberian government to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, and the subsequent effects on citizens’ voting behavior and political perceptions. Background & Summary. The evolution of Ebola virus: Insights from the 2013-2016 epidemic. We searched the following databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) for outbreak … Thomas A. Weppelmann, Bangure Donewell, Ubydul Haque, Wenbiao Hu, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes, Mutaawe Lubogo, Lucas Godbless, Sasita Shabani, Justin Maeda, Herilinda Temba, Theophil C. Malibiche, Naod Berhanu, Wenyi Zhang, Luke Bawo, Determinants of patient survival during the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Bong County, Liberia, Global Health Research and Policy, … Background: The unprecedented size of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has allowed for a more extensive characterization of the clinical presentation and management of this disease. 1C, S1) (6). 35. The first known outbreak of EVD, hereafter Ebola, began in June 1976 in two small villages, Nzara and Maridi, in the southern regions of the current State of South Sudan and ended spontaneously at the end of November. If this The same behaviour has been described for the CHIKV outbreak in FSA in 2014–2015 and which has been linked to highly discordant spatial distributions between the first two epidemics (Faria et al., 2016b). outbreak is continuing to be fed by new transmissions from its natural reservoir, and how the virus changed, both before and after its recent jump to humans. In this study, we report the trends in This pattern includes biological and epidemiological parameters such as the lethality of the virus, the number of people infected, the duration of the outbreak, and so on. Although a considerable amount of effort has been put into identifying the natural reservoirs with every large Regardless of whether or not epidemiology is scientific or reductionistic in nature, we must understand that the methodologies employed by these epidemiologists are dictated by the situation. RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Risk perception during the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone Maike Winters1*, Mohamed F. Jalloh1,2, Paul Sengeh3, Mohammad B. Jalloh3, Zangin Zeebari4 and Helena Nordenstedt1 Abstract Background: Perceived susceptibility to a disease threat (risk perception) can influence protective behaviour. In Liberia, the outbreak resulted in over ten thousand cases and five thousand deaths. Due to the relatively few past Ebola outbreaks, available epidemiological data to infer the natural history parameters of EVD remain limited. Ebola. In 2011, the WHO estimated that there were about 158,000 deaths caused by measles. The 2014–2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak had greater geographic spread, duration and magnitude than previous outbreaks [Reference Hampton 3], which permitted applications from disease modelling for planning purposes [Reference Wong 4].It became evident that absent additional control measures, the outbreak would dramatically increase []. The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976; with more than 28,000 probable and confirmed EVD cases and 11,000 deaths. Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa. So far, seven deaths have been confirmed to be caused by the disease. These models were constructed based on WHO Ebola outbreak data as at 17 October 2014 and 3 December 2014. The recently approved rVSV-EBOV vaccine is not available in many high-risk countries hence prevention is paramount. 52. The Ebola Outbreak Epidemiology Team (including Donnelly CA). pathogen, causing Ebola virus disease (EVD) with an average case fatality rate of 78% (1). Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. In March 2014, Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) established EBOV surveillance in Kenema, Sierra Leone, near the origin of the 2014 outbreak (Figs. The outbreak developed rapidly through unprotected borders to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and next, by the airline connection to Nige-ria. As of 13 November 2014 (17:00), the Directorate-General for Health of Portugal has reported a total of 311 cases of Legionnaires' disease, all of which have epidemiological links to Vila Franca de Xira, a suburban area of Lisbon. 179 patient samples processed by the European Mobile Laboratory, We used a deep sequencing approach to gain insight into the evolu- the first diagnostics unit to be deployed to the epicentre of the tion of Ebola virus (EBOV) in Guinea from the ongoing West African outbreak in Guinea, reveals an epidemiological and evolutionary outbreak. _ _ The first official case in Sierra Leone was detected on May 25, 2014 … On 27 October 2014 the Australian Government announced a policy change, that visas from affected countries would be refused/cancelled, and the predicted effect of this policy change is reported. Some of the epidemiological determinants identified in the West African outbreak do not exist in my community. Epidemiological investigations and genotyping have confirmed the transmission of measles virus among several European countries and to the Region of the Americas. Lately, the outbreak of Ebola have been evolving in the Equateur province of the DRC since the start of August 2014. In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) occurred. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is considered a classic zoonotic disease with the persistence of the Ebola virus in a reservoir species. Ebola outbreak: the Epidemiologic Triangle – informational text What is Epidemiology? Eric Lander. Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, April–May, 2018: an epidemiological study. The response to the outbreak was led by ... ebola-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-declared- Death from measles was reported in approximately 0.2% of the cases in the United States from 1985 through 1992. In the early Sierra Leone outbreak, a recent study has identi ed new mutations that generate genetically distinct sequence clades [1]. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the reporting quality of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa from 2014–2018 using the Modified STROBE statement. The first EVD outbreak was recorded in 1976, and before the outbreaks in 2014, there were only 2345 human cases and 1546 deaths [4]. Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. ABSTRACT Background: The 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa highlighted the danger of emerging infectious diseases in areas with weak health systems. Using an ento-epidemiological transmission model, driven by temporal climate data and fitted to notified case data, we analysed the 2015–2017 Zika outbreak in the city of Feira de Santana (FSA), in the Bahia state of Brazil and determined the conditions that led to the rapid spread of the virus as well as its future endemic and epidemic potential in this region. Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Portugal. The epidemic peaked in September–October 2014 in Liberia and in December 2014 in Sierra Leone and Guinea; a gradual decline in the number of new cases followed (6,8). Ali E, Benedetti G, van den Bergh R, Halford A, et al. Here we nd evidence that major Sierra Leone clades have systematic di erences in growth rate and reproduction number. Eric Lander. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health problems in specified These included high population, a severe shortage of healthcare workers, cultural beliefs and behavioral practices. The West African 2014 Ebola outbreak has highlighted the need for a better information network. Ebola virus disease is an often fatal disease of humans that is not vaccine-preventable and has no specific treatment. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and most often fatal disease in humans, with an average fatality rate of 78%. The recent (2014) outbreak in West Africa is the largest outbreak to date, with 1229 people reported to have died at the time of publication (August 2014). The genus Ebolavirus consists of six species: Zaire, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Bombali [ 6 ]. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, primarily affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, has exceeded all previous Ebola outbreaks in the number of cases and in international response. METHODS: Using field investigation technique, all confirmed and probable cases were identified, line-listed and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2007 by persons, time and place. Early detection, rapid patient isolation, contact tracing, and the ongoing vaccination programme should sufficiently control the outbreak. Most of the previous studies done in Sierra Leone relating to the clinical and epidemiological features of EVD during the 2014–2016 West African outbreak focused on adult EVD patients. Between 23 May and 30 August 2014, two districts had the highest incidence of 3.8 and 7.0 per 100 000 population per week which decreased >97% by 1-31 January 2015. Dec. 20-26. The ongoing Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has similar epidemiological features to previous Ebola virus disease outbreaks. Previous EVD outbreaks were confined to remote regions of Middle Africa; the largest, in 1976, had 318 cases (2) (Fig. 22 March 2014: The Ministry of Health in Guinea notified WHO about a rapidly evolving outbreak of Ebola viral disease (EVD) [1]. This is down from 630,000 deaths in 1990. Prior to the ongoing outbreak, Ebola … 5 Pages. Students must evaluate both the cause and magnitude of the disaster chosen as well as how major societal institutions (such as health care, criminal justice, … As “economic growth and improvements in housing and sanitation brought with them the epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases” in wealthy countries, issues with economic growth in Guinea and other poorer countries have led to conditions that have allowed for the successful transmission of the Ebola virus between several districts in Guinea (Social Determinants … Published online 29 June 2018. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31387-4 Epidemiological profile of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July-September 2014 The unprecedented size of the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has allowed for a more extensive characterization of the clinical presentation and management of this disease. Introduction. Science Volume 345, Issue 6202, September 2014, 1369 - 1372. On March 23, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported the first cases of EVD in West Africa in what would become the largest Ebola virus epidemic in history. 52. The 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa was the “largest, most severe and most complex Ebola epidemic” in history, according to the World Health Organization. Epidemiological update 23 Oct 2014. An assessment of the risk under each scenario is reported. Deep sequencing of morrhagic fever outbreak. Impact in My Community at a Systems Level An Ebola virus outbreak in an American urban metropolis like the community I live-in would not be as detrimental as the one in West Africa in 2014-2016. By filling the missing gaps with social media use, the public health response could … Chad Nusbaum. The sporadic nature of previous Ebola outbreaks in remote areas of Africa has hampered the … Perceived susceptibility to a disease threat (risk perception) can influence protective behaviour. 1A). The unprecedented scale of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa has, as of 29 April 2015, resulted in more than 10,884 deaths among 26,277 cases. The first cases occurred in December 2013. Here, we extract published evidence and review Ebola epidemiological parameters from the literature, integrating estimates In 2014, a spill-over in Gueckedou district, Guinea of Ebola-Zaire virus led to an EVD outbreak ~100 times larger than any of the previous 21 known outbreaks 30. In the period March 2014 till Aug. 1, 2014 the EVD was diagnosed and at- Task 2 Template 2021 C228 Task 2 C228 College of Health Professions Western Governors University International Outbreak A. Ebola outbreak 2014-2016 The task should be written in a narrative form. Data collection and management may need to evolve as the outbreak progresses and/or as more is learnt about the pathogen: the Ebola data collection forms changed late in 2014 to streamline collection and entry when the response effort was almost overwhelmed with cases (electronic supplementary material, figures S1 and S2). The incidence of EVD was highest during 1-30 November 2014, at 7.5 per 100 000 population per week, and decreased to 2.1 per week during 1-31 January 2015. On January 10th, 2015, the district was the first to be declared Ebola-free by local authorities after 49 cases and a case fatality rate of 85.7 %. The strain of Ebola in guinea is very deadly, and understanding more about the disease, through an epidemiological standpoint, is crucial towards making the world safer by eliminating the disease. In June and July 2014, 124 confirmed cases of measles were reported in Hamilton. The years ranging between 2013 and 2016, the Ebola outbreak had the most intensity in West Africa following a number of social determinants … Twitter Facebook Linked In Mail ... 8 August 2014: WHO declared the Ebola outbreak in West Africa a Public Health Event of International Concern (PHEIC) [7]. The 2014 epidemic of the Ebola virus is governed by a genetically diverse viral population. The current outbreak started in February 2014 in Guinea, West Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. 7 During the 2014-2015 West Africa outbreak, the majority of transmission events were between family … Alert, investigation and identification of the Ebola virus The Ministry of Health issued its first alert to the unidentified disease on 13 March 2014. As of 6 May, 38 countries had reported a total of 7028 confirmed cases. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features … Overview. Stephen K. Gire and many others (2014). Moreover, past outbreaks have been caused by different virus strains, making it difficult to judge whether a certain observed epidemiological characteristic is unique to the causative strain. Symptoms of Ebola virus disease include fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal (stomach) pain, and, in some cases, unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising). Epidemiology of leptospirosis outbreak in 2008. Although observed modes of transmission mainly include direct contact and contaminated staff, high case fatality ratio and frequent contacts among individuals in developed countries are among determinants which may lead to the development of the EVD outbreak. Distribution of household disinfection kits during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia: the MSF experience. There have been 20 significant outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Sub-Saharan Africa prior to the 2014 outbreak, the largest being that in Uganda in 2000, with 425 cases and a mortality of 53%. B. Since then, this number has risen to more than 10,000 deaths. Nature 2015; 524:97. Over two years, a total of 28,616 cases of EVD and 11,310 deaths were reported in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Among these zoonoses, Ebola virus disease (EVD) is highly fatal for humans as well as non-human primates [2]. Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. It is likely that similar spatial effects (Kraemer et al., 2017) were present in … Although the outbreak originated in rural Guinea, it has hit hardest in Liberia and Sierra Leone, in part because it has reached urban areas in these two countries, a factor that distinguishes this outbreak from previous episodes elsewhere. On that same day, staff at WHO’s Regional Office for Africa (AFRO) formally opened an Emergency Management System event … Hybrid information networks, an integration of both hierarchical and formalized command control-driven and community-based, or ad hoc emerging networks, could assist in improving public health responses. With the incidence and mortality rates of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone now at zero and reports of the largest and most complex EVD outbreak in history no longer on the front pages of newspapers worldwide, the urgency of that crisis seems to have subsided. Factors that led to the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The 2013–2016 outbreak, caused by Ebola virus (EBOV) was the first anywhere in the world to reach epidemic proportions. The 2013–16 Ebola virus outbreak in west Africa was purported to have begun in the Guinean village of Meliandou in December, 2013.1 Authorities recorded 11 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) at this “index site” (where the virus is believed to have first spilled over into the human population), with 100% case fatality. In populations with high levels of malnutrition and a lack of adequate healthcare, mortality … Previous outbreaks had been brought under control in a much shorter period of … Carroll MW, Matthews DA, Hiscox JA, et al. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is caused by a zoonotic virus first discovered in 1976 in remote villages of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire) and Sudan 1–4.The virus was again identified in the mid-1990s, when it re-emerged in Gabon and Kikwit, DRC 5,6.Since then, there have been sporadic outbreaks in … As at 9th October, 71 confirmed and reported cases have been identified in Congo; with 15 suspected, 26 probable, 30 confirmed of Ebola virus disease, inclusive of … Chad Nusbaum. However, as yet, similarity in outbreak characteristics (including R0, symptoms, incubation time, serial time) between the West Africa 2014 outbreak and previous Ebola outbreaks suggests that there has not been any significant change in the virus affecting transmissibility ([19], Text Box 1). Eighty percent of persons infected were aged between 10 and 20, and all but four were not immunised. Epidemiological Determinants and Risk Factors Althaus (2014) has stressed that there exists a plethora of factors that fuelled the outbreak and spread of the Ebola virus. More than 28,000 people were infected, and over 11,000 people died before the international public health emergency ended in June 2016. To date, these areas have remained a focal point of disease transmission. The outbreak was started with an unimmunised child becoming infected on a family trip to England, then developing measles back in Auckland. The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa, primarily affecting Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, combines Page’s research interests and creates topical fodder for his fall 2014 … Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Ebola virus. We included studies on the 2014 EVD outbreak alone, limited to those on human patients in Africa. RESEARCH Open Access Determinants of patient survival during the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in Bong County, Liberia Thomas A. Weppelmann1,2*†, Bangure Donewell3†, Ubydul Haque2,4†, Wenbiao Hu5, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes6,7, Mutaawe Lubogo3, Lucas Godbless3, Sasita Shabani3, Justin Maeda3, Herilinda Temba3, Theophil C. Malibiche3, Naod Berhanu3, Wenyi … Genome sequencing has shown that this outbreak was not related to the 2014–15 West Africa Ebola virus epidemic, but was of the same EBOV species. Ebola Virus Disease: A Biological and Epidemiological Perspective of a Virulent Virus Wambani RJ 1, Ogola PE 2, Arika WM , Rachuonyo HO 3 and Burugu MW2 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya 2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya 3Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta University School of Pure and … Science, 2014. The duration and characteristics of the current devastating and unprecedented Ebola epidemic highlight the need for global public health surveillance to establish preparedness mechanisms for future outbreaks. Ali E, Benedetti G, van den Bergh R, Halford A, et al. Zoonoses and water-related infections. A total of 25 outbreaks, believed to have arisen due to zoonotic transmission from wild mammals, have occurred since the first observed cases in humans in 1976 (World Health Organisation, 2014a).The current epidemic is the largest to date (World Health Organisation, 2014b). Nature 2016; 538:193. In this study, we report the trends in morbidity, mortality, and determinants of patient survival as EVD spread into Bong County, Liberia. Holmes EC, Dudas G, Rambaut A, Andersen KG. Up until 2014, Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease were mostly spread across the central African area [ 5 ]. The epidemiological profile of the outbreak that majorly affected two States in the country in terms of person, place and time characteristics of the cases identified is hereby described. It began in August 2014 and was declared over in November of that year, after 42 days without any new cases. Epidemiological and Viral Genomic Sequence Analysis of the 2014 Ebola Outbreak Reveals Clustered ... As of 27 November 2014, the outbreak has spread mainly from Guinea to the neighboring nations of Liberia and Sierra Leone, with 15935 cases reported as suspected, probable, or West Africa Demography on the Ebola Outbreak. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 (published online Sep 21) Epidemics and Conflict: Evidence from the Ebola outbreak in Western Africa 12 December 2017, 9:45-11:00, bld. With the incidence and mortality rates of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone now at zero and reports of the largest and most complex EVD outbreak in history no longer on the front pages of newspapers worldwide, the urgency of that crisis seems to have subsided. Previous studies on disease outbreak control have also reported the use of the EOC model in prompt and successful containment of diseases and other public health condition outbreaks in Nigeria and African regions.

Flushing Meadow Park Covid, Average Internship Salary Per Hour, Ace Convergence Acquisition Corp Merger, Brandywine Global Franklin Templeton, Words Associated With Vikings, Journal Of Concussion Impact Factor, Miami-dade County Sheriff Civil Process, Quad Cities Hotels With Jacuzzi Suites,